{"id":5032,"date":"2025-10-30T14:10:18","date_gmt":"2025-10-30T11:10:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hydrolite.eu\/?p=5032"},"modified":"2025-10-30T14:10:18","modified_gmt":"2025-10-30T11:10:18","slug":"metoda-wstepnej-obrobki-i-regeneracji-zywic-spozywczych","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hydrolite.eu\/pl\/2025\/10\/30\/metoda-wstepnej-obrobki-i-regeneracji-zywic-spozywczych\/","title":{"rendered":"Metoda wst\u0119pnej obr\u00f3bki i regeneracji \u017cywic spo\u017cywczych."},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">ZHEJIANG ZHENGGUANG INDUSTRIAL CO.,LTD <\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">NINGBO ZHENGGUANG RESIN CO.,LTD<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Metoda wst\u0119pnej obr\u00f3bki i regeneracji \u017cywic spo\u017cywczych.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">W procesie produkcji \u017cywic jonowymiennych zawsze pojawia si\u0119 niewielka ilo\u015b\u0107 organicznych polimer\u00f3w o niskiej zawarto\u015bci zwi\u0105zk\u00f3w organicznych i zanieczyszcze\u0144 nieorganicznych, a niekt\u00f3re <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">zanieczyszczenia mog\u0105 r\u00f3wnie\u017c przedosta\u0107 si\u0119 do produkt\u00f3w podczas transportu i nape\u0142niania. Zanieczyszczenia te zostan\u0105 uwolnione na pocz\u0105tku u\u017cytkowania i wp\u0142yn\u0105 na jako\u015b\u0107 wody wyj\u015bciowej i produkt\u00f3w. Dlatego wszystkie nowe \u017cywice powinny przej\u015b\u0107 proces wst\u0119pnego oczyszczania przed u\u017cyciem. <\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hydrolite.eu\/shop\/\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u017bywice jonowymienne<\/span><\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> powinny by\u0107 wst\u0119pnie oczyszczone w celu usuni\u0119cia zanieczyszcze\u0144 przed u\u017cyciem, aby zapewni\u0107 stabiln\u0105 jako\u015b\u0107 \u0142ugu cukrowego. Przed nape\u0142nieniem <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">urz\u0105dze\u0144 \u017cywicami, wszystkie kolumny \u017cywic jonowymiennych oraz wszystkie rury i zawory nale\u017cy przep\u0142uka\u0107 wod\u0105, a\u017c woda wyj\u015bciowa b\u0119dzie czysta. Upewni\u0107 si\u0119, \u017ce nie ma wyciek\u00f3w, a nast\u0119pnie nape\u0142ni\u0107 kolumn\u0119 wod\u0105 do 1\/4 jej wysoko\u015bci. Nast\u0119pnie za\u0142adowa\u0107 \u017cywice do kolumny, wla\u0107 wod\u0119 od do\u0142u, a wod\u0119 od g\u00f3ry do \u017cywic p\u0142ucz\u0105cych, p\u0142uka\u0107, a\u017c do usuni\u0119cia drobnych cz\u0105stek i uzyskania czystej wody. (Aby unikn\u0105\u0107 wydostawania si\u0119 \u017cywicy o du\u017cych cz\u0105steczkach, nale\u017cy zwr\u00f3ci\u0107 uwag\u0119 na dostosowanie szybko\u015bci przep\u0142ywu) <\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">1. Nape\u0142nianie i wst\u0119pna obr\u00f3bka \u017cywic<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> (1) Za\u0142aduj \u017cywice do kolumny <\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Za\u0142aduj \u017cywic\u0119 do kolumny wymiennej, u\u017cyj wody zmi\u0119kczaj\u0105cej do p\u0142ukania wstecznego \u017cywicy, a\u017c woda wyj\u015bciowa b\u0119dzie czysta. U\u017cyj 8-10% NaCL, co stanowi dwukrotno\u015b\u0107 obj\u0119to\u015bci \u017cywicy, aby namoczy\u0107 \u017cywic\u0119 przez 4-8 godzin, a nast\u0119pnie u\u017cyj wody zmi\u0119kczaj\u0105cej do p\u0142ukania, a\u017c woda wyj\u015bciowa b\u0119dzie czysta. <\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">(2) Wst\u0119pna obr\u00f3bka \u017cywicy kationowej <\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">(2.1) Nape\u0142nij 4% HCL z szybko\u015bci\u0105 1,5-2,0 BV\/h do kolumny wymiennej, gdy pH wynosi 1, kontynuuj nape\u0142nianie przez 15 minut, a nast\u0119pnie zatrzymaj. Po namoczeniu \u017cywicy przez 4-8 godzin, u\u017cyj <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">wody zmi\u0119kczaj\u0105cej do p\u0142ukania, a\u017c pH wyniesie oko\u0142o 3. <\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">(2.2) Nape\u0142nij 4% NaOH z szybko\u015bci\u0105 1,5-2,0 BV\/h do kolumny, gdy pH wynosi <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2 <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">, kontynuuj nape\u0142nianie przez 15 minut, a nast\u0119pnie zatrzymaj. Po namoczeniu \u017cywicy przez 4-8 godzin, u\u017cywaj\u0105c <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">wody zmi\u0119kczaj\u0105cej do mycia, a\u017c pH b\u0119dzie wynosi\u0107 oko\u0142o 10. <\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">(2.3) Nape\u0142nij kolumn\u0119 4% HCL z szybko\u015bci\u0105 1,5-2,0 BV\/h, gdy pH b\u0119dzie wynosi\u0107 <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">1, kontynuuj nape\u0142nianie przez 15 minut, a nast\u0119pnie zatrzymaj. Po namoczeniu \u017cywicy przez 4-8 godzin, u\u017cywaj\u0105c <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">wody zmi\u0119kczaj\u0105cej do mycia, a\u017c pH b\u0119dzie wynosi\u0107 oko\u0142o 3. Do tej pory wst\u0119pne przetwarzanie \u017cywicy kationowej jest <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">zako\u0144czone, mo\u017cna przeprowadzi\u0107 regeneracj\u0119 jak zwykle. (U\u017cyj dwukrotno\u015bci normalnej <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">obj\u0119to\u015bci \u015brodka regeneruj\u0105cego do przeprowadzenia pierwszej regeneracji) <\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">(3) Wst\u0119pne przetwarzanie \u017cywicy anionowej <\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">(3.1) Nape\u0142nij kolumn\u0119 4% NaOH z szybko\u015bci\u0105 1,5-2,0 BV\/h, gdy pH <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">b\u0119dzie wynosi\u0107 14, kontynuuj nape\u0142nianie przez 15 minut, a nast\u0119pnie zatrzymaj. Po moczeniu \u017cywicy przez 4\u20138 godzin, p\u0142ucz\u0105c j\u0105 <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">wod\u0105 zmi\u0119kczaj\u0105c\u0105, a\u017c pH osi\u0105gnie warto\u015b\u0107 oko\u0142o 10. <\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">(3.2) Nape\u0142nij kolumn\u0119 4% roztworem HCL z szybko\u015bci\u0105 1,5\u20132,0 BV\/h. Gdy pH osi\u0105gnie warto\u015b\u0107 <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">1, kontynuuj nape\u0142nianie przez 15 minut, a nast\u0119pnie zatrzymaj. Po moczeniu \u017cywicy przez 4\u20138 godzin, p\u0142ucz\u0105c j\u0105 <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">wod\u0105 zmi\u0119kczaj\u0105c\u0105, a\u017c pH osi\u0105gnie warto\u015b\u0107 oko\u0142o 3. <\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">(3.3) Nape\u0142nij kolumn\u0119 4% roztworem NaOH z szybko\u015bci\u0105 1,5\u20132,0 BV\/h. Gdy pH osi\u0105gnie warto\u015b\u0107<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">14, kontynuuj nape\u0142nianie przez 15 minut, a nast\u0119pnie zatrzymaj. Po namoczeniu \u017cywicy przez 4-8 godzin, u\u017cyj <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">wody zmi\u0119kczaj\u0105cej do p\u0142ukania, a\u017c pH osi\u0105gnie oko\u0142o 10. Wst\u0119pne oczyszczanie anion\u00f3w jest ju\u017c <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">zako\u0144czone, mo\u017cna przeprowadzi\u0107 regeneracj\u0119 jak zwykle. (U\u017cyj dwukrotnie wi\u0119kszej <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">obj\u0119to\u015bci \u015brodka regeneruj\u0105cego ni\u017c zwykle do przeprowadzenia pierwszej regeneracji) <\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2. Proces regeneracji<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> (1) proces regeneracji \u017cywicy kationowej<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"7\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"24%\" height=\"16\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Dzia\u0142anie<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"26%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Rozwi\u0105zanie<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"25%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Przep\u0142yw (BV\/h)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"25%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Obj\u0119to\u015b\u0107 (BV)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"24%\" height=\"17\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">odzyskiwanie cukru<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"26%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Water_softening\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Zmi\u0119kczanie wody<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"25%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2,0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">~ <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">4,0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"25%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">1,5 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">~ <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2,0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"24%\" height=\"17\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">p\u0142ukanie wsteczne<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"26%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Zmi\u0119kczanie wody<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"25%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2,0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">~ <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">4,0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"25%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2,0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">~ <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">3,0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"24%\" height=\"17\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">zregenerowa\u0107<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"26%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">4 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\uff5e<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">5% roztw\u00f3r HCl<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"25%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">1,0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">~ <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">1,5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"25%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2,0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">~ <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">3,0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"24%\" height=\"17\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">wymiana<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"26%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Zmi\u0119kczanie wody<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"25%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">1,0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">~ <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">1,5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"25%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">1,0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">~ <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">1,5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"24%\" height=\"17\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">p\u0142ukanie<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"26%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Zmi\u0119kczanie wody<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"25%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">od 10 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">do <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">15<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"25%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">3,0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">~ <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">5,0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"24%\" height=\"16\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">p\u0142ukanie<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"26%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Zmi\u0119kczanie wody<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"25%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">od 10 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">do <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">15<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"25%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2,0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">~ <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">5,0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"24%\" height=\"17\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">operacyjny<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"26%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Likier cukrowy<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"25%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2,0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">~ <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">4,0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"25%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">30 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\uff5e<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">60<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">(2) proces dzia\u0142ania \u017cywicy anionowej<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 110%;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">3.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"7\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"24%\" height=\"18\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Dzia\u0142anie<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"26%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Rozwi\u0105zanie<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"24%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Przep\u0142yw (BV\/h)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"26%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Obj\u0119to\u015b\u0107 (BV)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"24%\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">odzyskiwanie cukru<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"26%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Zmi\u0119kczanie wody<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"24%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2,0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">~ <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">4,0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"26%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2,0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">~ <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">3,0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"24%\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">p\u0142ukanie wsteczne<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"26%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Zmi\u0119kczanie wody<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"24%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2,0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">~ <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">4,0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"26%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">1,5 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">~ <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">3,0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"24%\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">zregenerowa\u0107<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"26%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">4 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\uff5e<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">5% roztw\u00f3r NaOH<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"24%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">1,5 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">~ <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2,0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"26%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2,5 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">~ <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">4,0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"24%\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">wymiana<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"26%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Woda DI lub woda wyj\u015bciowa ze z\u0142o\u017ca kationowego<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"24%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">1,5 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">~ <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2,0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"26%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">1,5 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">~ <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2,0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"24%\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">p\u0142ukanie<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"26%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Woda DI lub woda wyj\u015bciowa ze z\u0142o\u017ca kationowego<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"24%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">od 10 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">do <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">15<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"26%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">4,0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">~ <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">6,0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"24%\" height=\"18\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">p\u0142ukanie<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"26%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">wylot wody ze z\u0142o\u017ca kationowego<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"24%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">od 10 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">do <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">15<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"26%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">4,0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">~ <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">6,0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"24%\" height=\"19\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">operacyjny<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"26%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Likier cukrowy<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"24%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2,0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">~ <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">4,0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"26%\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">30 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\uff5e<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">60<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Przyczyny zanieczyszczenia \u017cywic\u0105 i metoda odzysku<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">(1) Przyczyny ska\u017cenia<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Poniewa\u017c oczyszczony roztw\u00f3r zawiera substancje organiczne, \u017celazo, krzem, mikroorganizmy, koloidy itp., substancji tych nie mo\u017cna ca\u0142kowicie usun\u0105\u0107 podczas procesu filtracji przez w\u0119giel aktywny. W procesie wymiany jonowej substancje te zostan\u0105 adsorbowane do matrycy \u017cywicy anionowej poprzez efekty wi\u0105zania wodorowego, wi\u0105zania jonowego, wi\u0105zania kowalencyjnego, VDW. Og\u00f3lnie rzecz bior\u0105c, po 15-30 cyklach operacyjnych nagromadzenie substancji organicznych wp\u0142ynie na zdolno\u015b\u0107 wymienn\u0105 \u017cywic, powoduj\u0105c z\u0142\u0105 jako\u015b\u0107 cukru, zwi\u0119kszaj\u0105c koszt mycia, co jest tzw. zanieczyszczeniem organicznym.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">(2) Metoda odzyskiwania<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">(2.1) przep\u0142uka\u0107 zanieczyszczone \u017cywice, a\u017c woda wyj\u015bciowa b\u0119dzie czysta.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">(2.2) \u017cywic\u0119 kationow\u0105, zwykle zanieczyszczon\u0105 \u017celazem, nale\u017cy namoczy\u0107 w roztworze 10\u201315% HCL, stanowi\u0105cym dwukrotno\u015b\u0107 obj\u0119to\u015bci \u017cywicy, na okres 4\u20138 godzin, a nast\u0119pnie przemy\u0107 wod\u0105 w celu oczyszczenia.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">(2.3) \u017cywica anionowa, zwykle z zanieczyszczeniami organicznymi, nale\u017cy u\u017cy\u0107 4-5% HCL, co stanowi dwukrotno\u015b\u0107 obj\u0119to\u015bci \u017cywicy, namoczy\u0107 przez 2-4 godziny, a nast\u0119pnie umy\u0107 wod\u0105 w celu oczyszczenia; przepu\u015bci\u0107 przez roztw\u00f3r 10% NaCL + 3-4% NaOH, co stanowi trzykrotno\u015b\u0107 obj\u0119to\u015bci \u017cywicy, temperatura powinna wynosi\u0107 40\u2103, szybko\u015b\u0107 przep\u0142ywu 4 m3\/h, po przej\u015bciu przez ostatni\u0105 obj\u0119to\u015b\u0107 z\u0142o\u017ca rozpocz\u0105\u0107 namaczanie przez 12 godzin, a nast\u0119pnie u\u017cy\u0107 wody dejonizowanej do czyszczenia, obserwowa\u0107 kolor wody, aby sprawdzi\u0107, czy woda jest wystarczaj\u0105co czysta, i ponownie zdecydowa\u0107, czy nale\u017cy j\u0105 podda\u0107 uzdatnieniu.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">(2.4) Po dwukrotnej regeneracji mo\u017ce zacz\u0105\u0107 dzia\u0142a\u0107.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">4. Przechowywanie \u017cywicy<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Niewykorzystane \u017cywice nale\u017cy przechowywa\u0107 w szczelnie zamkni\u0119tym worku, nie wystawia\u0107 na dzia\u0142anie powietrza i przechowywa\u0107 w temperaturze 0\u201340 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00b0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">C. Je\u015bli \u017cywica przestanie dzia\u0142a\u0107 na jaki\u015b czas, nale\u017cy unika\u0107 poni\u017cszych warunk\u00f3w:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">(1) Aby zapobiec odwodnieniu, nale\u017cy nape\u0142ni\u0107 sprz\u0119t pe\u0142n\u0105 ilo\u015bci\u0105 wody. Je\u015bli konieczne jest wypuszczenie wody, nale\u017cy szczelnie zamkn\u0105\u0107 sprz\u0119t, aby zapobiec utracie wilgoci z \u017cywicy.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">(2) Aby zapobiec zamarzaniu, je\u015bli temperatura jest poni\u017cej 0\u2103, nale\u017cy nape\u0142ni\u0107 urz\u0105dzenie roztworem soli, aby nas\u0105czy\u0107 \u017cywic\u0119.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">(3) Zapobiegaj rozwojowi bakterii. Je\u015bli \u017cywica jest przechowywana w sprz\u0119cie przez d\u0142ugi czas, rozwijaj\u0105 si\u0119 w niej mikroorganizmy, takie jak glony i bakterie, co prowadzi do zanieczyszczenia \u017cywicy. \u015arodkiem zapobiegawczym jest ca\u0142kowite p\u0142ukanie \u017cywicy po tym, jak straci ona zdolno\u015b\u0107 do usuwania zawieszonych zanieczyszcze\u0144, a nast\u0119pnie namoczenie \u017cywicy po regeneracji.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Uwaga: Przed wst\u0119pnym przygotowaniem \u017cywicy w przemy\u015ble spo\u017cywczym nale\u017cy przygotowa\u0107 wod\u0119 zmi\u0119kczaj\u0105c\u0105, u\u017cywaj\u0105c zestawu \u017cywicy kationowej i \u017cywicy anionowej, przechowywa\u0107 wod\u0119 zmi\u0119kczaj\u0105c\u0105 w pojemniku na wod\u0119 (je\u015bli to nie wystarczy, nale\u017cy przygotowa\u0107 wi\u0119cej). Woda zmi\u0119kczaj\u0105ca jest przygotowywana do p\u00f3\u017aniejszego u\u017cycia w celu p\u0142ukania \u017cywicy podczas procesu wst\u0119pnego przygotowania, w celu przygotowania rozcie\u0144czonego kwasu i rozcie\u0144czonej zasady oraz w celu unikni\u0119cia tworzenia si\u0119 bia\u0142ego osadu, poniewa\u017c woda wp\u0142ywa na zdolno\u015b\u0107 \u017cywicy do regeneracji w p\u00f3\u017aniejszym okresie eksploatacji.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ZHEJIANG ZHENGGUANG INDUSTRIAL CO.,LTD NINGBO ZHENGGUANG RESIN CO.,LTD Metoda wst\u0119pnej obr\u00f3bki i regeneracji \u017cywic spo\u017cywczych. W procesie produkcji \u017cywic jonowymiennych zawsze pojawia si\u0119 niewielka ilo\u015b\u0107 organicznych polimer\u00f3w o niskiej zawarto\u015bci zwi\u0105zk\u00f3w organicznych i zanieczyszcze\u0144 nieorganicznych, a niekt\u00f3re zanieczyszczenia mog\u0105 r\u00f3wnie\u017c przedosta\u0107 si\u0119 do produkt\u00f3w podczas transportu i nape\u0142niania. Zanieczyszczenia te zostan\u0105 uwolnione na pocz\u0105tku u\u017cytkowania&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1025,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5032","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bez-kategorii"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hydrolite.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5032","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hydrolite.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hydrolite.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hydrolite.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hydrolite.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5032"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/hydrolite.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5032\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5037,"href":"https:\/\/hydrolite.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5032\/revisions\/5037"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hydrolite.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1025"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hydrolite.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5032"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hydrolite.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5032"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hydrolite.eu\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5032"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}